Fighting On Two Fronts: African Americans And The Vietnam War

Fighting on Two Fronts: African Americans and the Vietnam War

From Booklist In 1965, African American U.S. soldiers faced the first war in which they served in an integrated army. They eagerly sought combat billets to prove themselves, interpreting the idea that it's smart to stay in the rear as an expression of cowardice. By 1968, matters became less clear cut, as the army and the soldiers faced the consequences of the civil rights movement, antiwar movement, and bureaucratic successes and failures in dealing with institutional racism. Westheider has researched very thoroughly--an effort including extensive interviews with Vietnam veterans--and he possesses a rare gift for narrative that makes the results of all this research eminently readable. A highly desirable addition for both African American studies and military affairs collections, Westheider's invaluable history inevitably throws light on dealing with other forms of discrimination in the armed services, too. Roland Green The first complete picture of the African American experience in the Vietnam WarThe racial tensions that have long plagued American society exist to a much lesser extent in the military where the bond of common pursuit and shared experience renders race less relevant. Or so conventional wisdom has long held. In this dramatic history of race relations during the Vietnam war, James E. Westheider illustrates how American soldiers in Vietnam grappled with many of the same racial conflicts that were tearing apart their homeland thousands of miles away. Over seven years in the making, Fighting on Two Fronts draws on interviews with dozens of Vietnam veterans-black and white-and official Pentagon documents to paint the first complete picture of the African American experience in Vietnam. Westheider reveals how preconceptions and petty misunderstandings often exacerbated racial anxieties during the conflict. Military barbers, for instance, were often inexperienced with black hair, leading black soldiers to cut each other's hair, an act perceived as separatist by their white counterparts. Similarly, black soldiers often greeted one another with a ritualized handshake, or dap, as a sign of solidarity, the unfamiliarity of which threatened many white soldiers and was a source of resentment until it was banned in 1973. Despite ample evidence of institutional racism in the armed forces, the military elite responded only when outbreaks of racial violence became disruptive enough to threaten military discipline and attract negative attention from the civilian world. A crucial addition to our understanding of Vietnam, Fighting on Two Fronts is a compelling example of the new military history at its finest. From Library Journal During World War II, the Tuskegee Airmen proved that African Americans were exceptional members of the military (see the recent A-Train, LJ 1/97, and Red Tails, Black Wings, LJ 2/15/97). Yet by the time of the Vietnam War, African Americans still suffered a high degree of discrimination. Westheider (history, Northern Kentucky Univ.) chronicles the treatment of African American soldiers during this period. For example, white soldiers were promoted at a faster rate. Moreover, if a white and a black soldier were arrested, the black was the more likely to receive harsher punishment, even for a lesser crime. Westheider deals with racial discrimination in the military in a documentary and scholarly manner, so general-interest libraries must decide whether the work fits their needs. Highly recommended for African American collections and/or military studies.?Terry L. Wirick, Erie Cty. Lib. System, Pa.Copyright 1997 Reed Business Information, Inc. Review "James E. Westheider persuasively argues that black soldiers were the key factor in bringing about a more egalitarian military. This book significantly advances our understanding of both race relations and armed forces." -- Charles Moskos,Northwestern University"With this meticulous investigation of how inst