Title
After the Doors Were Locked: A History of Youth Corrections in California and the Origins of TwentyFirst Century Reform,Used
Delivery time: 8-12 business days (International)
The California youth corrections system is undergoing the most sweeping transformation in its 154year history. The extraordinary nature of this change is revealed by the striking decline in the states youth incarceration rate. In 1996, with 10,000 youth confined in 11 staterun correctional facilities, California boasted the nations third highest youth incarceration rate. Now, with only 800 youth remaining in a system comprised of just three institutions, California has one of the nations lowest youth incarceration rate.How did such unprecedented changes occur and what were the crucial conditions that produced them? Daniel E. Macallair answers these questions through an examination of the California youth corrections systems origins and evolution, and the patterns and practices that ultimately led to its demise.Beginning in the 19th century, California followed national juvenile justice trends by consigning abused, neglected, and delinquent youth to congregate care institutions known as reform schools. These institutions were characterized by their emphasis on regimentation, rigid structure, and harsh discipline. Behind the walls of these institutions, children and youth, who ranged in age from eight to 21, were subjected to unspeakable cruelties. Despite frequent public outcry, life in California reform schools changed little from the opening of the San Francisco Industrial School in 1859 to the dissolution of the California Youth Authority (CYA) in 2005.By embracing popular national trends at various times, California encapsulates much of the history of youth corrections in the United States. The California story is exceptional since the state often assumed a leadership role in adopting innovative policies intended to improve institutional treatment. The California juvenile justice system stands at the threshold of a new era as it transitions from a 19th century statecentered institutional model to a decentralized structure built around localized services delivered at the county level.After the Doors Were Locked is the first to chronicle the unique history of youth corrections and institutional care in California and analyze the origins of todays reform efforts. This book offers valuable information and guidance to current and future generations of policy makers, administrators, judges, advocates, students and scholars.
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We provide a 2-year limited warranty, from the date of purchase for all our products.
If you believe you have received a defective product, or are experiencing any problems with your product, please contact us.
This warranty strictly does not cover damages that arose from negligence, misuse, wear and tear, or not in accordance with product instructions (dropping the product, etc.).
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