Title
Applications of Synchrotron Light to Scattering and Diffraction in Materials and Life Sciences (Lecture Notes in Physics, 776),Used
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In a ?rst approximation, certainly rough, one can de?ne as noncrystalline materials those which are neither singlecrystals nor polycrystals. Within this category, we canincludedisorderedsolids,softcondensed matter,andlivesystemsamong others. Contrary to crystals, noncrystalline materials have in common that their intrinsic structures cannot be exclusively described by a discrete and periodical function but by a continuous function with short range of order. Structurally these systems have in common the relevance of length scales between those de?ned by the atomic and the macroscopic scale. In a simple ?uid, for example, mobile molecules may freely exchange their positions, so that their new positions are permutations of their old ones. By contrast, in a complex ?uid large groups of molecules may be interc nected so that the permutation freedom within the group is lost, while the p mutation between the groups is possible. In this case, the dominant characteristic length, which may de?ne the properties of the system, is not the molecular size but that of the groups. A central aspect of some noncrystalline materials is that they may selforganize. This is of particular importance for Softmatter materials. Selforganization is characterized by the spontaneous creation of regular structures at different length scales which may exhibit a certain hierarchy that controls the properties of the system. Xray scattering and diffraction have been for more than a hundred years an essential technique to characterize the structure of materials. Quite often scattering anddiffractionphenomenaexhibitedbynoncrystallinematerialshavebeenreferred to as noncrystalline diffraction.
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This warranty strictly does not cover damages that arose from negligence, misuse, wear and tear, or not in accordance with product instructions (dropping the product, etc.).
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