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Between Alienation and Citizenship traces the history of the Black West Indian immigrant society in Panama from 1914 to 1964. Originally brought to Panama by the Americans and French as labor for the building of the Panama Canal, many of the workers stayed behind after completion of the canal to work for the Americans. Buffeted and battered by racism and prejudice from the Americans and xenophobia and chauvinism from the Panamanians, they created a thriving and even occasionally flourishing subculture and society. During much of the 50 years encompassed in this study, the Panamanian Black West Indian society existed in a kind of no mans land. The Panamanians were unwilling to accept them as full citizens even though many were born in Panama, and the Americans treated them as secondclass citizens. The immigrants, also known as nowhereans, faced this crisis of identity and homelessness with a steely determination and tenacity to survive. They established institutions, schools, churches, businesses, and profoundly changed the life and culture of Panama in ways that are still evident today. Between Alienation and Citizenship is a story of survival, tenacity, determination, and courage.
⚠️ WARNING (California Proposition 65):
This product may contain chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer,
birth defects, or other reproductive harm.
I appreciated the insights offered in this book, but there were parts that felt a bit heavy. The evolution of identity in Panama is compelling, yet I sometimes got lost in the detailed analysis. Still, it's worth a read for anyone interested in Caribbean history.
A
Anjali Singh
Interesting but Dense at Times
I appreciated the insights offered in this book, but there were parts that felt a bit heavy. The evolution of identity in Panama is compelling, yet I sometimes got lost in the detailed analysis. Still, it's worth a read for anyone interested in Caribbean history.
A
Anjali Singh
Interesting but Dense at Times
I appreciated the insights offered in this book, but there were parts that felt a bit heavy. The evolution of identity in Panama is compelling, yet I sometimes got lost in the detailed analysis. Still, it's worth a read for anyone interested in Caribbean history.
C
Chloe Martinez
Not What I Expected
I was hoping for a more straightforward narrative but instead found a highly academic approach. While there are important points raised about the Black West Indian experience, it felt more like a textbook than a casual read. Just a heads up for others looking for a lighter book.
C
Chloe Martinez
Not What I Expected
I was hoping for a more straightforward narrative but instead found a highly academic approach. While there are important points raised about the Black West Indian experience, it felt more like a textbook than a casual read. Just a heads up for others looking for a lighter book.
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⚠️ California Proposition 65 Warning: Some products sold on this website may expose you to chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects, or other reproductive harm. For more information, visit www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.
