Title
BOND STRENGTH OF PORCELAIN TO METAL UNDER DIFFERENT FIRING ATMOSPHERES: comparision of bond strength of porcelain to nonpreciou,Used
Delivery time: 8-12 business days (International)
Evaluation of porcelainmetal bond has been a subject of immense interest in the recent past and studies have proved that the optimal temperature and the atmosphere in which the porcelain is baked on to metal surface is of critical value. Several studies in past have been carried out to evaluate the porcelain metal bonds. These studies evaluate the bonding of porcelain with metal, compatibility of metal ceramic system, testing and thermomechanical compatibility and stresses in porcelain metal system. But, occasional chipping of porcelain from metal surface in PFM restoration have been the persistent problem till now.For Porcelainfused to metal (PFM) restoration to be clinically successful, it must satisfy certain criterias. Vacuum firing of porcelain has yielded favourable results. This led to the thought that an inert atmosphere would produce better ceramometal bonding and because of this, firing of porcelain in an atmosphere of argon gas has evinced great interest, it seems pertinent to evaluate the bond strength of porcelain to nonprecious metal copings under different firing atmospheres (vacuum & inert).
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⚠️ WARNING (California Proposition 65):
This product may contain chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects, or other reproductive harm.
For more information, please visit www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.
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Shipping & Returns
Shipping
We ship your order within 2–3 business days for USA deliveries and 5–8 business days for international shipments. Once your package has been dispatched from our warehouse, you'll receive an email confirmation with a tracking number, allowing you to track the status of your delivery.
Returns
To facilitate a smooth return process, a Return Authorization (RA) Number is required for all returns. Returns without a valid RA number will be declined and may incur additional fees. You can request an RA number within 15 days of the original delivery date. For more details, please refer to our Return & Refund Policy page.
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Warranty
We provide a 2-year limited warranty, from the date of purchase for all our products.
If you believe you have received a defective product, or are experiencing any problems with your product, please contact us.
This warranty strictly does not cover damages that arose from negligence, misuse, wear and tear, or not in accordance with product instructions (dropping the product, etc.).
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Your payment information is processed securely. We do not store credit card details nor have access to your credit card information.
We accept payments with :
Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Paypal, Shopify Payments, Shop Pay and more.