Title
CONGESTION PRICING WITH WITH HETEROGENEOUS USER GROUPS: Congestion pricing with unpriced alternative and market segmentation,Used
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This paper focuses on the characteristics of a representativecategory of congestion pricing regimes ("the representative regimes"). The representative regimes have the characteristics that many if not most congestion pricing regimes share: a priced period, an unpriced period, and at least two heterogeneous user groups. This paper found that: a) Treating all users as homogeneous in the model produced biased indicators; b) When heterogeneous users are categorized into two user groups and group specific data were used in the model, economic efficiencies of the representative regimes remain stable whether first, second, or thirdbest tolls are charged; c) Ignoring even one aspect of user group heterogeneity causes biased estimates of the representative regimes.
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