Title
Diseases of Mites and Ticks,Used
Delivery time: 8-12 business days (International)
Ticks transmit a greater variety of pathogens than any other group of hemotophagous arthropods (Sonenshine 1993). In ticks, the midgut is the ?rst site of exposure to a wide variety of hemoparasites that may be ingested with the bloodmeal. Some of these he parasites are either not infective for ticks and rapidly digested or cleared by the innate tick immune system. Others infect midgut epithelial cells where they multiply and subsequently infect other tissues including the salivary glands. Transmission may occur when the tick is ingested by the vertebrate host or from salivary glands via the saliva to vertebrate hosts when the tick feeds again. Tickborne pathogens have apparently coevolved with ticks for their mutual survival because, while pathogens undergo considerable multiplication in ticks, these infections do not appear to be detrimental to tick feeding or their biology (Kocan et al. 1992a, 2005; Sonenshine et al. 2005). Among the various tickborne pathogens, those belonging to the genus Anaplasma (Rickettsiales: Anaplasmataceae) are obligate intracellular organisms found exclusively within parasitophorous vacuoles in the cytoplasm of both vertebrate and tick host cells (Kocan 1986; Dumler et al. 2001). The type species, A. marginale, causes the econo cally important cattle disease, anaplasmosis, with Dermacentor variabilis comprising one of the main tick vectors of this pathogen in the USA (Kocan et al. 2004).
By changing our most important processes and
products, we have already made a big leap forward. This ranges from the
increased use of more sustainable fibers to the use of more
environmentally friendly printing processes to the development of
efficient waste management in our value chain.
Shipping & Returns
Shipping
We ship your order within 2–3 business days for USA deliveries and 5–8 business days for international shipments. Once your package has been dispatched from our warehouse, you'll receive an email confirmation with a tracking number, allowing you to track the status of your delivery.
Returns
To facilitate a smooth return process, a Return Authorization (RA) Number is required for all returns. Returns without a valid RA number will be declined and may incur additional fees. You can request an RA number within 15 days of the original delivery date. For more details, please refer to our Return & Refund Policy page.
Shipping & Returns
Shipping
We ship your order within 2–3 business days for USA deliveries and 5–8 business days for international shipments. Once your package has been dispatched from our warehouse, you'll receive an email confirmation with a tracking number, allowing you to track the status of your delivery.
Returns
To facilitate a smooth return process, a Return Authorization (RA) Number is required for all returns. Returns without a valid RA number will be declined and may incur additional fees. You can request an RA number within 15 days of the original delivery date. For more details, please refer to our Return & Refund Policy page.
Warranty
We provide a 2-year limited warranty, from the date of purchase for all our products.
If you believe you have received a defective product, or are experiencing any problems with your product, please contact us.
This warranty strictly does not cover damages that arose from negligence, misuse, wear and tear, or not in accordance with product instructions (dropping the product, etc.).
Warranty
We provide a 2-year limited warranty, from the date of purchase for all our products.
If you believe you have received a defective product, or are experiencing any problems with your product, please contact us.
This warranty strictly does not cover damages that arose from negligence, misuse, wear and tear, or not in accordance with product instructions (dropping the product, etc.).
Secure Payment
Your payment information is processed securely. We do not store credit card details nor have access to your credit card information.
We accept payments with :
Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Paypal, Shopify Payments, Shop Pay and more.
Secure Payment
Your payment information is processed securely. We do not store credit card details nor have access to your credit card information.
We accept payments with :
Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Paypal, Shopify Payments, Shop Pay and more.