Title
Electrochemical synchronization of cell spreading on solid surfaces: Dictyostelium discoideum: synchronization of spreading,Used
Delivery time: 8-12 business days (International)
Cell synchronization is important for the analysis of molecular events involved in cell spreading and motility. Electrostatic interactions between cells and surfaces were investigated in order to synchronize the first step in cell adhesion. LimE GFP marked Dictyostelium discoideum cells were used for fluorescent tracking of actin polymerization events. Oscillating LimE fluorescent peaks were observed for individual cells in standard phosphate buffer during spreading. At low ionic concentration (phosphate sucrose buffer 0.17 mM), cells levitate over the conductive surfaces (Indium Tin Oxide, ITO) due to electrostatic repulsion. An electrochemical device was designed in order to apply an overpotential pulse (+2.5 V/Ag,AgCl) during 0.1 s to the ITO surface. In these conditions, protons are produced by water oxidation, which reduce the ITO negative surface charge and thus, attracting the levitating cells simultaneously. Consequently, these irreversible contacts with the surface triggered the onset of cell spreading. Therefore, we obtained synchronization of the spreading of a cell population for the first time thanks to an electrochemical method.
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Shipping & Returns
Shipping
We ship your order within 2–3 business days for USA deliveries and 5–8 business days for international shipments. Once your package has been dispatched from our warehouse, you'll receive an email confirmation with a tracking number, allowing you to track the status of your delivery.
Returns
To facilitate a smooth return process, a Return Authorization (RA) Number is required for all returns. Returns without a valid RA number will be declined and may incur additional fees. You can request an RA number within 15 days of the original delivery date. For more details, please refer to our Return & Refund Policy page.
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Warranty
We provide a 2-year limited warranty, from the date of purchase for all our products.
If you believe you have received a defective product, or are experiencing any problems with your product, please contact us.
This warranty strictly does not cover damages that arose from negligence, misuse, wear and tear, or not in accordance with product instructions (dropping the product, etc.).
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Your payment information is processed securely. We do not store credit card details nor have access to your credit card information.
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