Title
Equality of treatment by the ECJ since the Marks and Spencer case: Has the principle of equality in crossborder tax situations ,Used
Delivery time: 8-12 business days (International)
A dilemma faced by the Court was whether the treatment of domestic tax situations and crossborder tax situation should be the same. ECJ has several times expressed its opinions in respect of transfer of losses from one EU jurisdiction to another. The treatment of losses before and after the M&SII case is not the same due to the applicability of the extended rule of reason doctrine. The result of this was that the positions, which were more likely to be required to be treated equally within Bosal reasoning, were allowed to be treated differently. The Court has relaxed the criteria for the acceptance of justifications. In the Bosal case, the Court has rejected them purely on formal grounds. In the later cases, the Court has started accounting the fiscal interests of Member States, where their tax interests were involved; provided more indepth analysis of grounds of public interest and introduced the possibility to invoke more than one justification; has started to respect the fiscal territorial jurisdiction of Member States, unless the issue of terminal losses arise.
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⚠️ WARNING (California Proposition 65):
This product may contain chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects, or other reproductive harm.
For more information, please visit www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.
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To facilitate a smooth return process, a Return Authorization (RA) Number is required for all returns. Returns without a valid RA number will be declined and may incur additional fees. You can request an RA number within 15 days of the original delivery date. For more details, please refer to our Return & Refund Policy page.
Shipping & Returns
Shipping
We ship your order within 2–3 business days for USA deliveries and 5–8 business days for international shipments. Once your package has been dispatched from our warehouse, you'll receive an email confirmation with a tracking number, allowing you to track the status of your delivery.
Returns
To facilitate a smooth return process, a Return Authorization (RA) Number is required for all returns. Returns without a valid RA number will be declined and may incur additional fees. You can request an RA number within 15 days of the original delivery date. For more details, please refer to our Return & Refund Policy page.
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We provide a 2-year limited warranty, from the date of purchase for all our products.
If you believe you have received a defective product, or are experiencing any problems with your product, please contact us.
This warranty strictly does not cover damages that arose from negligence, misuse, wear and tear, or not in accordance with product instructions (dropping the product, etc.).
Warranty
We provide a 2-year limited warranty, from the date of purchase for all our products.
If you believe you have received a defective product, or are experiencing any problems with your product, please contact us.
This warranty strictly does not cover damages that arose from negligence, misuse, wear and tear, or not in accordance with product instructions (dropping the product, etc.).
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Secure Payment
Your payment information is processed securely. We do not store credit card details nor have access to your credit card information.
We accept payments with :
Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Paypal, Shopify Payments, Shop Pay and more.