Title
Escherichia coli F4 diarrhoea in pigs: Comparative molecular approaches to identify host determinants mediating adhesion of E. c,Used
Delivery time: 8-12 business days (International)
E. coli diarrhoea is the most important source of mortality in newborn and weaned pigs and causes high losses in the pig industry. It is often caused by Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC). Of the three E. coli F4 variants, F4ac are most often isolated in pigs affected by ETEC diarrhoea. The receptor gene for F4ab and F4ac (F4bcR) is inherited as dominant trait on porcine chromosome 13. By multipoint linkage analysis, we assigned F4bcR to the interval SW207 ? MUC48227 ? S0075. F4bcR was strongly associated with MUC4 g.8227C>G, and g.7947A>G that was equally reliable for prediction of susceptibility to E. coli F4ab/F4ac infection. Haplotypes of SNPs in TNK2 did not coincide with the phenotype in 8.5% of the pigs. None of the SNPs were located in the regulatory regions or changed amino acids. Inheritance of F4ad adhesion is unclear. Aside from fully resistant and susceptible adhesion phenotypes, some pigs belonged to an intermediate phenotype. Offspring from highly susceptible parents showed clearly more adhesive enterocytes than offspring from resistant or weak adhesive parents. This indicates that F4ad adhesion is genetically influenced by one or several receptors.
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We ship your order within 2–3 business days for USA deliveries and 5–8 business days for international shipments. Once your package has been dispatched from our warehouse, you'll receive an email confirmation with a tracking number, allowing you to track the status of your delivery.
Returns
To facilitate a smooth return process, a Return Authorization (RA) Number is required for all returns. Returns without a valid RA number will be declined and may incur additional fees. You can request an RA number within 15 days of the original delivery date. For more details, please refer to our Return & Refund Policy page.
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Warranty
We provide a 2-year limited warranty, from the date of purchase for all our products.
If you believe you have received a defective product, or are experiencing any problems with your product, please contact us.
This warranty strictly does not cover damages that arose from negligence, misuse, wear and tear, or not in accordance with product instructions (dropping the product, etc.).
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Your payment information is processed securely. We do not store credit card details nor have access to your credit card information.
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