Title
Fraud in the carriage of goods by sea: Protection of third parties when issuing negotiable documents under The Hague, HagueVisb,Used
Delivery time: 8-12 business days (International)
In the carriage of goods by sea there are often three parties involved the carrier, the shipper and the consignee. In most of the cases the shipper concludes the contract of carriage with the carrier on behalf of the receiver who at the moment of its signing may be unknown to any of the parties. While at sea and in charge of the carrier, the cargo, unbeknown to the carrier, may be resold unlimited number of times first by the shipper and after that by any successive consignee. As the sale is in fact constructive delivery of a document known as a Bill of Lading, neither of the consignees sees what it pays for. That is she may be defrauded quite easily if anyone in the chain decides to enrich itself at the expense of the others. This paper examines the 20th century international legal regimes governing Bills of Lading, how they coexist and counteract with each other regarding sham activities. The review is from both an academic and practical point of view. A subsequent examination of the newly introduced 2009 Rotterdam Rules ensues paying special attention to how they would or would not improve the situation concerning the safety of the participants in the carriage of goods by sea.
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⚠️ WARNING (California Proposition 65):
This product may contain chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects, or other reproductive harm.
For more information, please visit www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.
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Shipping & Returns
Shipping
We ship your order within 2–3 business days for USA deliveries and 5–8 business days for international shipments. Once your package has been dispatched from our warehouse, you'll receive an email confirmation with a tracking number, allowing you to track the status of your delivery.
Returns
To facilitate a smooth return process, a Return Authorization (RA) Number is required for all returns. Returns without a valid RA number will be declined and may incur additional fees. You can request an RA number within 15 days of the original delivery date. For more details, please refer to our Return & Refund Policy page.
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If you believe you have received a defective product, or are experiencing any problems with your product, please contact us.
This warranty strictly does not cover damages that arose from negligence, misuse, wear and tear, or not in accordance with product instructions (dropping the product, etc.).
Warranty
We provide a 2-year limited warranty, from the date of purchase for all our products.
If you believe you have received a defective product, or are experiencing any problems with your product, please contact us.
This warranty strictly does not cover damages that arose from negligence, misuse, wear and tear, or not in accordance with product instructions (dropping the product, etc.).
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Your payment information is processed securely. We do not store credit card details nor have access to your credit card information.
We accept payments with :
Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Paypal, Shopify Payments, Shop Pay and more.