Grinnell: America's Environmental Pioneer and His Restless Drive to Save the West,New

Winner National Outdoor Book Award (History/Biography)Longlisted PEN/Jacqueline Bograd Weld Award for BiographyBefore Rachel Carson, there was George Bird Grinnellthe man whose prophetic vision did nothing less than launch American conservation. George Bird Grinnell, the son of a New York merchant, saw a different future for a nation in the thrall of the Industrial Age. With railroads scarring virgin lands and the formerly vast buffalo herds decimated, the country faced a crossroads: Could it pursue Manifest Destiny without destroying its natural bounty and beauty? The alarm that Grinnell sounded would spark Americas conservation movement. Yet today his name has been forgottenan omission that John Taliaferros commanding biography now sets right with historical care and narrative flair.Grinnell was born in Brooklyn in 1849 and grew up on the estate of ornithologist John James Audubon. Upon graduation from Yale, he dug for dinosaurs on the Great Plains with eminent paleontologist Othniel C. Marshan expedition that fanned his romantic notion of wilderness and taught him a graphic lesson in evolution and extinction. Soon he joined George A. Custer in the Black Hills, helped to map Yellowstone, and scaled the peaks and glaciers that, through his labors, would become Glacier National Park. Along the way, he became one of Americas most respected ethnologists; seasons spent among the Plains Indians produced numerous articles and books, including his tour de force, The Cheyenne Indians: Their History and Ways of Life.More than a chronicler of natural history and indigenous culture, Grinnell became their tenacious advocate. He turned the sportsmens journal Forest and Stream into a bully pulpit for wildlife protection, forest reserves, and national parks. In 1886, his distress over the loss of bird species prompted him to found the first Audubon Society. Next, he and Theodore Roosevelt founded the Boone and Crockett Club to promote fair chase of big game. His influence among the rich and the patrician provided leverage for the first federal legislation to protect migratory birdsa precedent that ultimately paved the way for the Endangered Species Act. And in an era when too many white Americans regarded Native Americans as backwards, Grinnells cries for reform carried from the reservation, through the halls of Congress, all the way to the White House.Drawing on forty thousand pages of Grinnells correspondence and dozens of his diaries, Taliaferro reveals a man whose deeds and highmindedness earned him a lustrous peerage, from presidents to chiefs, Audubon to Aldo Leopold, John Muir to Gifford Pinchot, Edward S. Curtis to Edward H. Harriman. Throughout his long life, Grinnell was bound by family and sustained by intimate friendships, toggling between the East and the West. As Taliaferros enthralling portrait demonstrates, it was this tension that wound Grinnells nearly inexhaustible spring and honed his visiona vision that still guides the imperiled future of our national treasures. 16 pages of black and white illustrations