Title
Groundwater Geochemistry: A Practical Guide to Modeling of Natural and Contaminated Aquatic Systems,Used
Delivery time: 8-12 business days (International)
To understand hydrochemistry and to analyze natural as well as manmade impacts on aquatic systems, hydrogeochemical models have been used since the 1960s and more frequently in recent times. Numerical groundwater flow, transport, and geochemical models are important tools besides classical deterministic and analytical approaches. Solving complex linear or nonlinear systems of equations, commonly with hundreds of unknown parameters, is a routine task for a PC. Modeling hydrogeochemical processes requires a detailed and accurate water analysis, as well as thermodynamic and kinetic data as input. Thermodynamic data, such as complex formation constants and solubilityproducts, are often provided as databases within the respective programs. However, the description of surfacecontrolled reactions (sorption, cation exchange, surface complexation) and kinetically controlled reactions requires additional input data. Unlike groundwater flow and transport models, thermodynamic models, in principal, do not need any calibration. However, considering surfacecontrolled or kinetically controlled reaction models might be subject to calibration. Typical problems for the application of geochemical models are: speciation determination of saturation indices adjustment of equilibria/disequilibria for minerals or gases mixing of different waters modeling the effects of temperature stoichiometric reactions (e.g. titration) reactions with solids, fluids, and gaseous phases (in open and closed systems) sorption (cation exchange, surface complexation) inverse modeling kinetically controlled reactions reactive transport Hydrogeochemical models depend on the quality of the chemical analysis, the boundary conditions presumed by the program, theoretical concepts (e.g.
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Shipping & Returns
Shipping
We ship your order within 2–3 business days for USA deliveries and 5–8 business days for international shipments. Once your package has been dispatched from our warehouse, you'll receive an email confirmation with a tracking number, allowing you to track the status of your delivery.
Returns
To facilitate a smooth return process, a Return Authorization (RA) Number is required for all returns. Returns without a valid RA number will be declined and may incur additional fees. You can request an RA number within 15 days of the original delivery date. For more details, please refer to our Return & Refund Policy page.
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This warranty strictly does not cover damages that arose from negligence, misuse, wear and tear, or not in accordance with product instructions (dropping the product, etc.).
Warranty
We provide a 2-year limited warranty, from the date of purchase for all our products.
If you believe you have received a defective product, or are experiencing any problems with your product, please contact us.
This warranty strictly does not cover damages that arose from negligence, misuse, wear and tear, or not in accordance with product instructions (dropping the product, etc.).
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Your payment information is processed securely. We do not store credit card details nor have access to your credit card information.
We accept payments with :
Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Paypal, Shopify Payments, Shop Pay and more.