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Halogen Exchange in Superheated Water: Getting into hot water usually isnt thought of as desirable but a growing number of resea,Used
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Getting into hot water usually isnt thought of as desirable, but a growing number of chemist and chemical engineers are suggesting just that as away to make organic synthesis more environmentally benign. Water near or above its critical point (374C, 218 atm) is attracting increased attention as a medium for organic chemistry. Water is a unique solvent; its chemical and physical properties vary considerably at high temperatures and pressure when compared to water at ambient condition. Two bromobenzenes were prepared by reaction of the corresponding 1,2dichlorobenzene or 1,2,4trichlorobenzene with 48% hydrobromic acid under superheated aqueous conditions. Halogen exchange in 1,2dichlorobenzene to 1bromo2chlorobenzene and 1,2dibromobenzene has been completed under neutral and acidic conditions, using sodium bromide or hydrogen bromide as source of bromide. The response of halogen exchange in 1,2dichlorobenzene to the presence of iron(III) chloride (FeCl3) and nickel(II) chloride (NiCl2) as catalysts was examined.
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