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Humanism and Empire: The Imperial Ideal in FourteenthCentury Italy,Used
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For more than a century, scholars have believed that Italian humanism was predominantly civic in outlook. Often serving in communal government, fourteenthcentury humanists like Albertino Mussato and Coluccio Saltuati are said to have derived from their reading of the Latin classics a rhetoric of republican liberty that was opposed to the "tyranny" of neighbouring signori and of the German emperors.In this groundbreaking study, Alexander Lee challenges this longheld belief. From the death of Frederick II in 1250 to the failure of Rupert of the Palatinate's illfated expedition in 1402, Lee argues, the humanists nurtured a consistent and powerful affection for the Holy Roman Empire. Though this was articulated in a variety of different ways, it was nevertheless driven more by political conviction than by cultural concerns. Surrounded by endless conflictboth within and between citystatesthe humanists eagerly embraced the Empire as the surest guarantee of peace and liberty, and lost no opportunity to invoke its protection. Indeed, as Lee shows, the most ardent appeals to imperial authority were made not by "signorial" humanists, but by humanists in the service of communal regimes.The first comprehensive, synoptic study of humanistic ideas of Empire in the period c.12501402, this volume offers a radically new interpretation of fourteenthcentury political thought, and raises wideranging questions about the foundations of modern constitutional ideas. As such, it is essential reading not just for students of Renaissance Italy and the history of political thought, but for all those interested in understanding the origins of liberty.
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