Title
Immune response to virus: Quantification of T cell responses to HTLV1: balance of inflammatory and antiviral effects,Used
Delivery time: 8-12 business days (International)
Despite abundant activated Human T cell Lymphotropic Virus type 1 (HTLV1)specific Cytotoxic T Lymphocytes (CTL), patients with HTLV1Associated Myelopathy/Tropical Spastic Paraparesis (HAM/TSP) show a significantly higher frequency of infected cells than Asymptomatic Carriers (AC) of the virus. In order to further characterise the CTL response to HTLV1, an assay to quantify specific T cell effector functions was developed. I analysed degranulation (by CD107 mobilisation) and cytokine (IFN? and TNFa) expression by both HTLV1specific CD8+ and CD4+ T cells in response to HTLV1 Tax peptide. This study shows a trend of the frequency of degranulating CD8+ T cells to be higher in HAM/TSP patients, however at a given proviral load the rate of lysis of infected cells tend to be higher in ACs than in HAM/TSP patients. Interestingly, only the frequency of CTL degranulation correlated with the rate of killing of target cells, suggesting that CTL killing of target cells depends mainly on degranulation.
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Shipping & Returns
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We ship your order within 2–3 business days for USA deliveries and 5–8 business days for international shipments. Once your package has been dispatched from our warehouse, you'll receive an email confirmation with a tracking number, allowing you to track the status of your delivery.
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To facilitate a smooth return process, a Return Authorization (RA) Number is required for all returns. Returns without a valid RA number will be declined and may incur additional fees. You can request an RA number within 15 days of the original delivery date. For more details, please refer to our Return & Refund Policy page.
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Warranty
We provide a 2-year limited warranty, from the date of purchase for all our products.
If you believe you have received a defective product, or are experiencing any problems with your product, please contact us.
This warranty strictly does not cover damages that arose from negligence, misuse, wear and tear, or not in accordance with product instructions (dropping the product, etc.).
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Your payment information is processed securely. We do not store credit card details nor have access to your credit card information.
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Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Paypal, Shopify Payments, Shop Pay and more.