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The author integrates, expands, and deepens his previous publications about irregular (or metalinguistic) negations. A total of ten distinct negativesseveral previously unclassifiedare analyzed. The logically irregular negations deny different implicatures of their root. All are partially noncompositional but completely conventional.The author argues that two of the irregular negative meanings are implicatures. The others are semantically rather than pragmatically ambiguous. Since their ambiguity is neither lexical nor structural, direct irregular negatives satisfy the standard definition of idioms as syntactically complex expressions whose meaning is noncompositional. Unlike stereotypical idioms, idiomatic negatives lack fixed syntactic forms and are highly compositional. The final chapter analyzes other free form idioms, including irregular interrogatives and comparatives, selfrestricted verb phrases, numerical verb phrases, and transparent propositional attitude and speech act reports.
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