Title
Mitochondrial Genome, Aging and Repair: Aging is occurred due to mitochondrial genome mutation generation and its repair mechani,Used
Delivery time: 8-12 business days (International)
Mitochondria are ubiquitous membranebound organelles that produce about 90% of the energy necessary for cellular function via oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS). Mitochondria play central roles in metabolism, signaling, and programmed cell death. Mitochondria have their own genetic system (called mtDNA) that is expressed through replication, transcription and translation. Its genome comprises of 16,569 base pairs and contains 37 coding genes. Of them, 13 genes encode proteins that are involved in different components of electron transport chain including complex I, Complex III, Complex IV and ATPase synthase. Mutation in these genes enhanced reactive oxygen species production, thereby leading to more oxidative damage of mtDNA and augmented the ROS generation by vicious circle. This excess ROS production ultimately damage cellular molecules including lipid, protein and nucleic acids and causes abnormal cell and/or cell damage. In addition, ROS might activate cell signaling and lead to apoptosis cell death. This review focused on toxic effects of ROS and their antioxidant defenses.
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⚠️ WARNING (California Proposition 65):
This product may contain chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects, or other reproductive harm.
For more information, please visit www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.
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Shipping & Returns
Shipping
We ship your order within 2–3 business days for USA deliveries and 5–8 business days for international shipments. Once your package has been dispatched from our warehouse, you'll receive an email confirmation with a tracking number, allowing you to track the status of your delivery.
Returns
To facilitate a smooth return process, a Return Authorization (RA) Number is required for all returns. Returns without a valid RA number will be declined and may incur additional fees. You can request an RA number within 15 days of the original delivery date. For more details, please refer to our Return & Refund Policy page.
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If you believe you have received a defective product, or are experiencing any problems with your product, please contact us.
This warranty strictly does not cover damages that arose from negligence, misuse, wear and tear, or not in accordance with product instructions (dropping the product, etc.).
Warranty
We provide a 2-year limited warranty, from the date of purchase for all our products.
If you believe you have received a defective product, or are experiencing any problems with your product, please contact us.
This warranty strictly does not cover damages that arose from negligence, misuse, wear and tear, or not in accordance with product instructions (dropping the product, etc.).
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Your payment information is processed securely. We do not store credit card details nor have access to your credit card information.
We accept payments with :
Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Paypal, Shopify Payments, Shop Pay and more.