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Mutual Aid: A Factor Of Evolution,Used
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Mutual Aid: A Factor Of Evolution Is A 1902 Essay Collection By Russian Anarchist Philosopher Peter Kropotkin. The Essays, Initially Published In The English Periodical The Nineteenth Century Between 1890 And 1896, Explore The Role Of Mutuallybeneficial Cooperation And Reciprocity (Or 'Mutual Aid') In The Animal Kingdom And Human Societies Both Past And Present. It Is An Argument Against The Competitioncentred Theories Of Socalled Social Darwinism, As Well As The Romantic Depictions Of Cooperation Presented By Writers Such As Jeanjacques Rousseau, Who Argued It Was Motivated By Universal Love Rather Than Selfinterest. Mutual Aid Is Considered A Fundamental Text In Anarchist Communism, Presenting A Scientific Basis For Communism Alternative To The Historical Materialism Of The Marxists. Many Biologists Also Consider It An Important Catalyst In The Scientific Study Of Cooperation.
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