Title
Nishapur Revisited: Stratigraphy and Ceramics of the Qohandez,Used
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Nishapur in eastern Iran was an important Silk Road city, its position providing links to central Asia and China, Afghanistan and India, the Persian Gulf and the west. Despite previous excavations there are many unresolved questions surrounding the site; when was the city founded? Is Nishapur a Sasanian city? Was it founded by the Sasanian king Shapur I or II? The question of chronology of occupation and the ceramic sequence is also problematic particularly for late antiquity and the medieval period, as well as a complete topography of the site. The IranoFrench archaeological mission at Nishapur (2004 to 2007) (CNRSMAEEMuse du Louvre) focused on the Qohandez, or citadel, the oldest part of Nishapur. Excavations were conducted in different areas of the mound, in order to address these questions. After an introduction to the site and the former American and Iranian excavations, this book presents the stratigraphy and the pottery of the site. The difficulties involved in establishing a precise history of the site, as well as the complexities of studying the pottery led to a program of analysis undertaken by the Research Centre of French Museums (C2RMF). Chemical and petrographic analysis, thermoluminescence (TL) dating and archaeomagnetism analysis as support to the TL results were done. A pottery database has been created regrouping the stratigraphical and laboratory analyses data, in order to manage and present an organized corpus of 1000 samples. The combination of the data from the stratigraphical and laboratory analyses gives an accurate and completely new chronology of the site. Moreover, the study also brought to light a new typological sequence of the ceramic, as well as new data about the pottery production at Nishapur.Table of ContentsIntroductionI Historical and Geographical Background1. Geographical setting2. American and Iranian excavation synthesis3. Historical settingII The Excavation and the Absolute Chronology1. Introduction to the IranoFrench Excavation2. Dating Problems3. Thermoluminescence Analysis (TL) Sample preparation Measurement apparatus Luminescence tests Palaeodose Annual dose Numerical simulation Results4. The Archaeomagnetism Analysis as TL support for dating The Archaeomagnetism Analysis Sample collection and magnetic properties Intensity experiments Archaeointensity results Conclusion5. The Stratigraphical sequence Test B Test 10 Test 26 Test 276. Interpreting the Occupation Chronology and the Urban developmentIII Pottery study and analyses1. Recording methodology2. Questioning the material: the ceramic analysis program Preliminary comments The fabrics:Petrographic and chemical analysesThe clayey fabricsThe fritwares The glazed wares: physical and chemical analyses Where were the ceramics made?3. Interpretating the analyses : the ceramic groups and their productionIV Chronology of the Qohandez pottery1. Introduction to the Tests2. Chronological sequence of the Qohandez pottery Period I Period II Period IIIa Period IIIb3. Comparative study with the main Khorasanian sitesConclusion
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