Title
NonNormalities of the Business Cycle,Used
Delivery time: 8-12 business days (International)
The question whether business cycles are asymmetric has been a field of macroeconomic research since the birth of the discipline itself. Also, considerable efforts have been dedicated to the construction of models where recessions are not simply the mirror image of expansions, but where the phases of the business cycle differ from each other with respect to the economic mechanisms at work during these phases. The first part of this work aims at providing additional empirical evidence about the behavior of macroeconomic time series with respect to nonnormalities. Our definition of nonnormalities refers to the phenomena deepness, steepness, nonzero excess kurtosis, distributional nonnormality, distributional asymmetry, conditional asymmetry of expected duration and asymmetric duration dependence. For the investigation we employ nonparametric and parametric tests where the latter are based on Markovswitching processes. For a certain class of Markovswitching processes, we provide a methodological contribution to the literature of tests for asymmetries by deriving the necessary formulas for the investigation of deepness and steepness. Conducting extensive Monte Carlo studies in order to assess the properties of different nonparametric tests, we find that these tests often suffer from low power in the presence of short samples and strong serial correlation. Using U.S. postwar data for GDP, domestic absorption, consumption, investment, capital, working hours, total factor productivity, labor productivity and the real wage, we find evidence for the presence of nonnormalities of all variables except for consumption and capital. As expected, the statistical evidence for nonnormalities found with parametric tests is in general stronger than the evidence obtained with nonparametric tests. The most pronounced nonnormalities are observed for investment. In the second part, we investigate the ability of dynamic stochastic general equilibrium (DSGE) models to reproduce empirical deepness, steepness and excess kurtosis of the variables under study. We especially focus on deepness, since it is directly related to the oftencited phenomenon of pronounced, shortlived recessions and moderate longlasting expansions. In a careful analysis, we find that standard DSGE models cannot replicate the empirical findings. Two modifications in order to remedy this problem are proposed, the first one considering nonnormal shocks, the second one introducing an upper bound to capacity utilization. We find that nonnormal shocks can account for the qualitative findings concerning empirical deepness, but that the quantitative results with respect to deepness do not match the data. Yet the model with bounded capacity utilization is capable of reproducing empirical deepness considerably well.
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Shipping & Returns
Shipping
We ship your order within 2–3 business days for USA deliveries and 5–8 business days for international shipments. Once your package has been dispatched from our warehouse, you'll receive an email confirmation with a tracking number, allowing you to track the status of your delivery.
Returns
To facilitate a smooth return process, a Return Authorization (RA) Number is required for all returns. Returns without a valid RA number will be declined and may incur additional fees. You can request an RA number within 15 days of the original delivery date. For more details, please refer to our Return & Refund Policy page.
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Warranty
We provide a 2-year limited warranty, from the date of purchase for all our products.
If you believe you have received a defective product, or are experiencing any problems with your product, please contact us.
This warranty strictly does not cover damages that arose from negligence, misuse, wear and tear, or not in accordance with product instructions (dropping the product, etc.).
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