Title
NonUniformities in ThinFilm Solar Cells and Modules: Analysis of Impact of NonUniformities on ThinFilm Solar Cells and Modul,Used
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Thinfilm PV technology due to its fast production line, large area panels and low material usage, is one of the most promising lowcost technologies. Due to their granular structure, thinfilm solar cells are inherently nonuniform. Fluctuations inevitably occur during the multistep deposition process of large area thinfilm solar panels and specific manufacturing procedures. Furthermore, non uniformities can become more severe, or increase in size during the solarpanel's life cycle. Non uniformities reduce the overall efficiency of solar cells and modules, and their effects therefore need to be well understood. This manuscript focuses on the analysis of the effect of nonuniformities on small size solar cells and modules with the help of numerical simulations. Even though the 2D model developed here can analyze the effect of nonuniformities of any nature, only two specific types of microscopic nonuniformities were addressed here: shunts and weakdiodes. One type of macroscopic nonuniformity, partial shading, was also addressed. The circuit model developed here is a network of diodes, currentsources, and transparentconductiveoxide resistors.
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