Title
Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus (PPRV): Comparative Analysis of Antigen Detection Methods,Used
Delivery time: 8-12 business days (International)
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is an acute and highly contagious viral disease of small ruminants such as goats and sheep. In Pakistan it causes economic losses of Rs. 20.5 billion annually. The diagnosis of PPR infection in sheep and goats populations can be synergistically strengthened with detection of antigen in clinical samples of susceptible population. In present study the PPR virus antigen detection was investigated and compared in clinical samples of sheep and goats by Haemagglutination (HA) test, Agar gel immunodiffusion (AGID) and Immunocapture ELISA (ICELISA). The viral antigen was detected from 8.95% of the samples tested by AGID, 20.9% tested by HA test and 31.25% tested by ICELISA. Kappa statistics scores for HA versus AGID, ICELISA versus AGID and HA versus ICELISA were 0.45 (95% Confidence Interval CI 0.1580.742), 0.359 (95% CI 0.010.69) and 0.035 (95% CI 0.3090.694) respectively which indicate a nonsignificant agreement between the tests. The results of chisquare for the three tests (HA, AGID and ICELISA) indicated these tests are highly significance i.e. locations and tests results are associated with each other.
By changing our most important processes and
products, we have already made a big leap forward. This ranges from the
increased use of more sustainable fibers to the use of more
environmentally friendly printing processes to the development of
efficient waste management in our value chain.
Shipping & Returns
Shipping
We ship your order within 2–3 business days for USA deliveries and 5–8 business days for international shipments. Once your package has been dispatched from our warehouse, you'll receive an email confirmation with a tracking number, allowing you to track the status of your delivery.
Returns
To facilitate a smooth return process, a Return Authorization (RA) Number is required for all returns. Returns without a valid RA number will be declined and may incur additional fees. You can request an RA number within 15 days of the original delivery date. For more details, please refer to our Return & Refund Policy page.
Shipping & Returns
Shipping
We ship your order within 2–3 business days for USA deliveries and 5–8 business days for international shipments. Once your package has been dispatched from our warehouse, you'll receive an email confirmation with a tracking number, allowing you to track the status of your delivery.
Returns
To facilitate a smooth return process, a Return Authorization (RA) Number is required for all returns. Returns without a valid RA number will be declined and may incur additional fees. You can request an RA number within 15 days of the original delivery date. For more details, please refer to our Return & Refund Policy page.
Warranty
We provide a 2-year limited warranty, from the date of purchase for all our products.
If you believe you have received a defective product, or are experiencing any problems with your product, please contact us.
This warranty strictly does not cover damages that arose from negligence, misuse, wear and tear, or not in accordance with product instructions (dropping the product, etc.).
Warranty
We provide a 2-year limited warranty, from the date of purchase for all our products.
If you believe you have received a defective product, or are experiencing any problems with your product, please contact us.
This warranty strictly does not cover damages that arose from negligence, misuse, wear and tear, or not in accordance with product instructions (dropping the product, etc.).
Secure Payment
Your payment information is processed securely. We do not store credit card details nor have access to your credit card information.
We accept payments with :
Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Paypal, Shopify Payments, Shop Pay and more.
Secure Payment
Your payment information is processed securely. We do not store credit card details nor have access to your credit card information.
We accept payments with :
Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Paypal, Shopify Payments, Shop Pay and more.