Title
Publicprivate Partnerships In Europe And Central Asia: Designing Crisisresilient Strategies And Bankable Projects (World Bank ,New
Delivery time: 8-12 business days (International)
The global financial crisis that began in late 2008 has set back ambitious infrastructure development plans among many countries in Europe and Central Asia (ECA). Many such plans relied on PublicPrivate Partnerships (PPP) arrangements. Furthermore, the financial crisis resulted in sharp declines in gross domestic product (GDP) and countrys deteriorating fiscal space restricted the scope for maintaining the level of investment or introducing countercyclical measures driven by public sector investment in infrastructure. Soaring levels of public debt, limited room to cut expenditures, and lower tax receipts due to slower than expected economic growth will mean that the fiscal space in the region to make public investments in infrastructure will be strained in the coming years. The ability of many ECA country governments to expand expenditure any further, even for productive investments in infrastructure, will thus prove challenging.Nevertheless, the year 2010 saw some countries and cities reaching financial close on multibillion projects while others are still struggling to close their first PPP project in highway. The comparison of the Pulkovo Airport in Russia and the ComarnicBrasov Highway in Romania is an illustration of this situation. On one hand St Petersburg developed a robust PPP project that involved the rehabilitation of an existing asset with established demand. On the other hand, the Romania examples show how projects with large capital requirements with unknown demand risk are still considered risky for the private sector, especially in the context of reduced liquidity from the financial crisis.This study shows that PPP financing remains viable and can bring value to the economy, despite the difficulties that projects faced. The global financial crisis has created new opportunities for the ECA Region to refocus PPP projects on valueformoney and financial sustainability, as the primary drivers for private participation, and using the range of options and innovative approaches discussed above.
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Shipping & Returns
Shipping
We ship your order within 2–3 business days for USA deliveries and 5–8 business days for international shipments. Once your package has been dispatched from our warehouse, you'll receive an email confirmation with a tracking number, allowing you to track the status of your delivery.
Returns
To facilitate a smooth return process, a Return Authorization (RA) Number is required for all returns. Returns without a valid RA number will be declined and may incur additional fees. You can request an RA number within 15 days of the original delivery date. For more details, please refer to our Return & Refund Policy page.
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Warranty
We provide a 2-year limited warranty, from the date of purchase for all our products.
If you believe you have received a defective product, or are experiencing any problems with your product, please contact us.
This warranty strictly does not cover damages that arose from negligence, misuse, wear and tear, or not in accordance with product instructions (dropping the product, etc.).
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Your payment information is processed securely. We do not store credit card details nor have access to your credit card information.
We accept payments with :
Visa, MasterCard, American Express, Paypal, Shopify Payments, Shop Pay and more.