Title
RealTime Quality Monitoring in Friction Stir Welding: The Use of Feedback Forces for Nondestructive Evaluation of Friction Stir,Used
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The focus of the book is to demonstrate a feasibility study for detecting wormhole defects using the frequency spectrum, phase space, and time spectrum of feedback forces in realtime. It is asserted here that the oscillations of the feedback forces are related to the dynamics of the plasticized material flow and that the feedback forces can provide useful information for detecting wormhole defects. Two realtime feedbackforce evaluation algorithms are developed for assessing the weld quality. A probability of detection analysis is conducted to compare the wormholedetection performance of the two algorithms. Both algorithms detect defects greater than 0.5 mm with 95% mean probability of detection, and both algorithms evaluate 3secondlong time series segments in less than 0.1 seconds. The present study not only demonstrates the possibility of identifying weld quality in realtime but also provides evidence that the oscillations of the feedback forces are related to the material flow. In general, the book introduces a realtime approach for providing important feedback information about weld quality to a control system for Friction Stir Welding.
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