Title
Smoke
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A Young Russian Man, Engaged To Be Married, Encounters His Former Love In A German Spa Town And Is Soon Enmeshed In A Torturous Romantic Tangle In This Graceful, Politically Tinged Love Story By A Russian Literary Great.Ivan TurgenevS Fifth Novel, Smoke, Published In 1867, Differed From His Previous Novels, Three Of Which Had Revolutionary Heroes Dying Dramatically. His New Hero, Grigori Litvinov, The Most Likeable Protagonist In NineteenthCentury Russian Literature, Is An Intelligent But Unremarkable Man Who Returns From Agronomical Studies In Germany Intending To Marry Then Run His FatherS Neglected Estate. He Stops In BadenBaden To Meet His Fiance Tatiana And Runs Into His Former Love, The Now Aristocratic Irina, Who Is Staying There With Her Husband. A Dormant Erotic Passion Overwhelms Litvinov; He Jilts Tatiana And Prepares To Elope With Irina: A Fatal Mistake, Yet Turgenev Is Merciful To His Hero, Who In Time Atones For His Temporary Insanity, Realizing That Like VoltaireS Candide, He Can Only Cultivate His Garden.The Russians Abroad In Smoke, Whether Revolutionaries Or Reactionaries, Emerge As Hypocritical Bigots. TurgenevS Authorial Character Potugin Denounces Both RightWing Aristocrats And LeftWing RadicalsIndeed All Of RussiaAs Irredeemably Backward. Reactions Were Furious: Turgenev Was Forced To Stay Abroad. Tolstoy Said That He Loved Only Fornication, Not His Country; The Poet Tiutchev That He Was Polluting The Smoke Of The Fatherland, Sweet And Pleasant (A Famous Line By The Playwright Griboyedov).Smoke Shares Much With Gustave FlaubertS Sentimental Education: The Novels Were Written Simultaneously; The Authors Were Close Friends, Equally Disillusioned. Flaubert Likewise Has An Unremarkable Hero, Torn Between Two Women And Two Political Forces, Though His Monumental Novel Is More Brutal, Comparing A Besotted Lover To Someone Bringing A Bunch Of Flowers To A Brothel. In His Novella Torrents Of Spring, Turgenev Had Already Described A Vulnerable Hero Robbed Of A Fiance By A Ruthless Aristocratic Woman. Smoke Is Yet More Powerful: Readers Will Feel They Have Not Just Read, But Experienced LitvinovS Trauma.
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