Title
Subsurface Soil Compaction and Improvement Strategies: Studies on how compaction occurs, its effects on soil properties and crop,Used
Sold by Ergodebooks, an authorized reseller.
Returns accepted within 30 days | support@ergodebooks.com
Shipping Information
- Free Standard Shipping — United States only
- Processing Time: 1–3 business days
- Estimated Delivery: 3–5 business days after dispatch
- Double-boxed, fully insured & discreetly packaged
- Tracking number sent via email once dispatched
- Orders over $250 require signature upon delivery. Taxes calculated at checkout.
Returns & Refund
Returns accepted within 30 days of delivery.
Damaged or Defective Item
Free return shipping + replacement or full refund
Wrong Item Received
Free return shipping + replacement or full refund
Change of Mind
Return shipping at customer's expense · 25% restocking fee applies
Payment Option
Soil compaction is caused by tillage equipment, reduced use of organic matter, frequent use of chemical fertilizer and ploughing at the same depth for many years. In field experiments subsurface soil compaction was artificially created with seven tons roller. Number of rolling was considered the extent of compaction. In an adjacent field different improvement measures were incorporated in precompacted soil. Treatments were arranged in randomized complete block design replicated four times. After eight weeks soil samples were taken for determination of bulk density and porosity. Compaction treatments progressively increased bulk density between 15 to 26%, while decreased porosity in the range of 14 to 27% over control. An inverse relationship between bulk density and porosity was observed. Different improvement measures decreased bulk density in the range of 13 to 17% over control, however, increased porosity between 15 to 18% over control. Subsurface soil compaction may be redeemed by applying combination of different improvement measures such as addition of farm yard manure, gypsum and deep ploughing etc.
⚠️ WARNING (California Proposition 65):
This product may contain chemicals known to the State of California to cause cancer, birth defects, or other reproductive harm.
For more information, please visit www.P65Warnings.ca.gov.