Title
Switching between Estonian Sign Language and Spoken Estonian: Functions and Factors Affecting Language Use among Deaf and Hearin,Used
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The central research question of the present study is What factors influence switching (codeswitching and codeblending) between Estonian Sign Language and spoken Estonian among bimodal bilinguals (Emmorey et al 2005, 2008; Bishop and Hicks 2005) in a school environment? Deaf and hearing students and teachers participated in the study where data were collected from lessons, guided discussions, and a picture description task. The results indicated that bimodal bilinguals predominantly codeblend, i.e. simultaneously produce speech and signs. The Matrix Language (MyersScotton 1997) sometimes remained undetermined, as a few blends were produced with different word order in each language. The main functions of switching among the students were attracting the attention of the teacher, and emphasising a constituent in a clause, but they also switched to express themselves in an original way. In some utterances, it proved difficult to apply a single function to a switch, thus a sequential turnbyturn analysis (Auer 1995) was employed. A deaf students level of switching was influenced most by the hearing status of the interlocutor, and the interlocutors amount of switching.
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