Title
The Enlightenment In France
Delivery time: 8-12 business days (International)
This Is An Introduction To The Principle Writers Of The Enlightenment In Eighteenth Century France. French Thinkers Of This Century Made A Long Series Of Devastating Attacks On Old Ideas, Usages, And Institutions That Had Been Handed Down From The Past. And, At The Same Time, These Thinkers Proposed A Series Of Thoroughgoing Reforms In Social, Economic, Political, Religious, And Educational Ideas And Institutions.France Was The Center Of The Enlightenment Of The Eighteenth Century, But There Were Important Thinkers That Belonged To The Movement In Other Countries, Such As Vico And Beccaria In Italy; Lessing, Herder, And Kant In Germany; And Hume, Adam Smith, And Bentham In Britain. France, Though, Took The Lead, And, Outside Of France, There Were No Thinkers Of Quite The Influence Of The French Writers, Voltaire And Rousseau.The Whole Climate Of Opinion Was Changed In France And The Rest Of Western Europe By These Publicists And Propagandists, Or As They Were Commonly Called, The Philosophes. The Eighteenth Century In France Began With Certain Currents Of Opinion In The Ascendency, Namely, Divine Right And Absolute Monarchy, Uniformity Of Religious Opinion (Gallicanism In France), A Controlled Economy (Mercantilism), And Classicism In Art And Literature. And The Eighteenth Century Ended With A Widespread Belief In Some Form Of Representative And Liberal Government, With The Idea That Religion Is An Individual Matter, With Laissezfaire Economics, And With Growing Romanticism In The Arts. This Change Of Opinion Was Largely Due To The Philosophes.Napoleon Once Said That Cannons Destroyed The Feudal Order But Ink Destroyed The Old Monarchy. That Is Too Simple An Explanation. The French Revolution Was Actually The Result Of Both: Abuses Of All Kinds In The Political, Economic, And Social Order Of The Old Regime And Propaganda For All Types Of Change. In Spite Of The Excesses Of The French Revolution And The Conservative Reaction That Followed It, The Philosophes Ideas Of Liberalism And Democracy Went On To Mold Much Of The Thinking And Institutions Of The Western World.
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We ship your order within 2–3 business days for USA deliveries and 5–8 business days for international shipments. Once your package has been dispatched from our warehouse, you'll receive an email confirmation with a tracking number, allowing you to track the status of your delivery.
Returns
To facilitate a smooth return process, a Return Authorization (RA) Number is required for all returns. Returns without a valid RA number will be declined and may incur additional fees. You can request an RA number within 15 days of the original delivery date. For more details, please refer to our Return & Refund Policy page.
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We provide a 2-year limited warranty, from the date of purchase for all our products.
If you believe you have received a defective product, or are experiencing any problems with your product, please contact us.
This warranty strictly does not cover damages that arose from negligence, misuse, wear and tear, or not in accordance with product instructions (dropping the product, etc.).
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