Title
The MiddleClass City: Transforming Space and Time in Philadelphia, 18761926,New
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The classic historical interpretation of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries in America sees this period as a political search for order by the middle class, culminating in Progressive Era reforms. In The MiddleClass City, John Hepp examines transformations in everyday middleclass life in Philadelphia between 1876 and 1926 to discover the cultural roots of this search for order. By looking at complex relationships among members of that city's middle class and three largely bourgeois commercial institutionsnewspapers, department stores, and railroadsHepp finds that the men and women of the middle class consistently reordered their world along rational lines.According to Hepp, this period was rife with evidence of creative reorganization that served to mold middleclass life. The department store was more than just an expanded dry goods emporium; it was a middleclass haven of order in the heart of a frenetic cityan entirely new way of organizing merchandise for sale. Redesigned newspapers brought wellordered news and entertainment to middleclass homes and also carried retail advertisements to entice consumers downtown via train and streetcar. The complex interiors of urban railroad stations reflected a rationalization of space, and rail schedules embodied the modernized specialization of standard time. In his fascinating investigation of similar patterns of behavior among commercial institutions, Hepp exposes an important intersection between the histories of the city and the middle class.In his careful reconstruction of this now vanished culture, Hepp examines a wide variety of sources, including diaries and memoirs left by middleclass women and men of the region. Following Philadelphians as they rode trains and trolleys, read newspapers, and shopped at department stores, he uses their accounts as individualized guidebooks to middleclass life in the metropolis. And through a creative use of photographs, floor plans, maps, and material culture, The MiddleClass City helps to reconstruct the physical settings of these enterprises and recreate everyday middleclass life, shedding new light on an underanalyzed historical group and the cultural history of twentiethcentury America.
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