Title
Towards Democratic Neighborhoods: The Emergence of Bottomup Citizen Engagement in Urban China,Used
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This study analyzes a new phenomenon emerging in urban neighbourhoods in China bottomup citizen engagementincluding the direct election of community representatives, rights talk and the creation of rules for selfdirection. The study looks at how the new values have emerged and the historical and contextual factors that have driven their development. A multilevel analysis was employed in combining a sociocultural analysis with an empirical examination, including the results of a quantitative survey of residents of several Beijing neighbourhoods. The new value is an unprecedented development in Chinese culture in contrast with the traditional topdown discourse. The empirical data also reveal that factors such as age, levels of education, or residence in a certain type of community structure influence whether or not an individual is likely to engage in bottomup participation. Peoples awareness of the option of citizen engagement is gradual and cumulative, but indigenous resources for developing a democratic neighbourhood are increasing, as more people become property owners and have the opportunity to travel to other countries where citizen engagement is more common.
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