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Types and Tokens: On Abstract Objects,Used
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A consideration of the distinction between the spatiotemporal furniture of the world (tokens) and the types of which they are instances, and an argument that types exist.There is a widely recognized but infrequently discussed distinction between the spatiotemporal furniture of the world (tokens) and the types of which they are instances. Words come in both types and tokensfor example, there is only one word type 'the' but there are numerous tokens of it on this pageas do symphonies, bears, chess games, and many other types of things. In this book, Linda Wetzel examines the distinction between types and tokens and argues that types exist (as abstract objects, since they lack a unique spatiotemporal location). Wetzel demonstrates the ubiquity of references to (and quantifications over) types in science and ordinary language; types have to be reckoned with, and cannot simply be swept under the rug. Wetzel argues that there are such things as types by undermining the epistemological arguments against abstract objects and offering extended original arguments demonstrating the failure of nominalistic attempts to paraphrase away such references to (and quantifications over) types. She then focuses on the relation between types and their tokens, especially for words, showing for the first time that there is nothing that all tokens of a type need have in common other than being tokens of that type. Finally, she considers an oftenoverlooked problem for realism having to do with types occurring in other types (such as words in a sentence) and proposes an important and original solution, extending her discussion from words and expressions to other types that structurally involve other types (flags and stars and stripes; molecules and atoms; sonatas and notes).
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- Q: What is the main topic of 'Types and Tokens: On Abstract Objects'? A: 'Types and Tokens: On Abstract Objects' by Linda Wetzel explores the philosophical distinction between types and tokens, specifically how abstract objects like types exist independently from their spatiotemporal instances.
- Q: Who is the author of this book? A: The author of 'Types and Tokens: On Abstract Objects' is Linda Wetzel.
- Q: What is the publication date of this book? A: 'Types and Tokens: On Abstract Objects' was published on January 1, 2009.
- Q: How many pages does 'Types and Tokens: On Abstract Objects' have? A: The book has a total of 180 pages.
- Q: What is the binding type of this book? A: 'Types and Tokens: On Abstract Objects' is available in hardcover binding.
- Q: In which category is this book classified? A: This book is classified under the category of Linguistics.
- Q: What condition is this book in? A: The book is listed in 'Good' condition.
- Q: What arguments does Linda Wetzel present in the book? A: Linda Wetzel argues for the existence of types as abstract objects and critiques nominalistic attempts to eliminate references to types in both science and ordinary language.
- Q: Does the book provide examples of types and tokens? A: Yes, the book includes various examples such as words, symphonies, and other entities to illustrate the distinction between types and their tokens.
- Q: What kind of issues does Wetzel address regarding realism and types? A: Wetzel discusses problems related to realism, particularly concerning types that occur within other types, and offers original solutions to these issues.